1)   Which of the following is a form of research typically conducted by practitioners to help them solve local problems?

A) Historical research

B) Basic research

C) Action research

D) Experimental research

Action research is practitioner-led, cyclical (plan → act → observe → reflect), and aims to solve immediate, local problems in real settings—e.g., a teacher testing and refining a new classroom strategy.

Historical research analyzes past events; it doesn’t intervene in present practice.

Basic research seeks to build theory and general knowledge, not fix a specific local issue.

Experimental research tests cause–effect relationships under controlled conditions for broader generalization, not routine practitioner problem-solving.

 Ans)  C) Action research


2)   The unsuccessful achievement of certain skills lead to inability to perform as expected at certain stages. They are known as Developmental:

A) tasks

B) hazards

C) disorder

D) stage

Developmental tasks (Havighurst) are age-linked skills a person is expected to master.

When these tasks are not successfully achieved, the individual faces difficulties or risks in normal progression—these are termed developmental hazards (maladjustments or obstacles arising from task failure).

Disorder is a clinical diagnosis (e.g., ASD, ADHD), not what the item describes, and stage refers to a period of development, not the consequence of failure.

Ans)  B) hazards