1)   The ceremony of initiation of education in Buddhism is known as:

A) Upanayana

B) Upasampada

C) Bratopanayan

D) Pabbajja

Pabbajjā (“going forth”) is the novice ordination in Buddhism, marking a person’s entry into the Sangha and the beginning of formal monastic education and training.

Upasampadā (B) is the higher/full ordination to become a bhikkhu after the novice stage.

Upanayana (A) and Bratopanayan (C) are Hindu rites (sacred-thread/ initiation into Vedic study), not Buddhist ceremonies.

Ans)  D) Pabbajja


2)   “Our secondary education remains the weakest link in our educational machinery.” This statement was made by:

A) Mudaliar commission

B) Harthog commission

C) Radhakrishnan commission

D) Kothari commission

The Mudaliar Commission (1952–53), officially called the Secondary Education Commission, reviewed the state of secondary education in India.

It famously remarked that “our secondary education remains the weakest link in our educational machinery” and recommended comprehensive reforms—curriculum diversification, improvement in teaching quality, guidance services, and better infrastructure.

Harthog Committee (1929) focused more on wastage and stagnation in primary education.

Radhakrishnan Commission (1948–49) dealt mainly with higher education.

Kothari Commission (1964–66) proposed national education framework but did not make this statement.

Ans)  A) Mudaliar commission