1)   Match the following:

List I                                                            List II

a. Adult Education                                   John Dewey

b. Integral Education                               Eduard C. Lindeman

c. Progressive Education                         Mahatma Gandhiji

d. Wardha Education                                Sri Aurobindo


A) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4

B) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4

C) a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3

D) a-1, b-4, c-2, d-3

Adult Education → Eduard C. Lindeman (2): early theorist of adult learning.

Integral Education → Sri Aurobindo (4): holistic development—physical, vital, mental, psychic, spiritual.

Progressive Education → John Dewey (1): learning by doing, democracy in education.

Wardha Education → Mahatma Gandhi (3): Nai Talim/basic education with craft-centered learning.

Ans)  C) a-2, b-4, c-1, d-3


2)  The ego-defence mechanism that pushes unacceptable thoughts, memories, impulses, or desires beyond conscious awareness:

A) Projection

B) Repression

C) Regression

D) Sublimation

Repression is the unconscious blocking of distressing or unacceptable thoughts/impulses from conscious awareness; the material remains in the unconscious and can influence behavior.

Projection attributes one’s own unacceptable impulses to others (“he hates me” instead of “I hate him”).

Regression is reverting to earlier developmental behaviors under stress (e.g., childish whining).

Sublimation channels unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities (e.g., aggressive drive → competitive sport).

 the mechanism described—pushing material out of awareness—is repression.

Ans) B) Repression