1)  The mode of grading where grades are given based on predetermined cut off levels is known as ----- grading.

A) Permanent

B) Absolute

C) Relative

D) Temporary

Absolute grading (criterion-referenced) assigns grades using fixed, pre-set cutoffs—e.g., ≥90 = A, 80–89 = B—regardless of how classmates perform.

Relative grading (norm-referenced) depends on the group’s score distribution (percentiles, curve).

Permanent and Temporary are not recognized grading modes.

Ans)  B) Absolute


2)  Which of the following is not true in the case of Institutional planning?

A) Consider felt needs

B) Optimum utilization of resources

C) Prepared by a particular institution

D) Limited utilization of resources

Institutional planning is a micro-level plan prepared by each institution (C – true) based on its felt needs (A – true) and aims at the optimum utilization of available resources (B – true). It does not advocate limited use of resources; rather, it strives to use them efficiently.

Ans) D) Limited utilization of resources