1)   ‘Pramana’ according to Patanjali is the process of -----

A) Attaining Nirvana

B) Gaining correct Knowledge

C) Acquiring Skills

D) Learning Vedas

In Patanjali's Yoga Sutras, 'Pramana' refers to valid means of knowledge or correct cognition. Patanjali explains that pramana is the process by which accurate, truthful knowledge is obtained through three methods—direct perception (pratyaksha), inference (anumana), and reliable testimony (agama). Thus, Pramana centers on the acquisition of proper, correct knowledge, distinguishing it from other types of mental modifications that may include illusion or error.​

Attaining Nirvana: Refers to liberation, not a process for correct knowledge.

Acquiring Skills: Not the direct meaning of pramana.

Learning Vedas: Learning scriptures is one source of authoritative testimony (agama), but pramana refers to the broader process of gaining valid knowledge.

Ans)  B) Gaining correct Knowledge


2)   Who among the following was the First founder of Jainism?

A) Swami Mahavir

B) Ajithnath

C) Rishabh Dev

D) Sambhavnath

Rishabh Dev, also known as Rishabhanatha or Adinath, is recognized in Jain tradition and most scholarly accounts as the first Tirthankara and the founder of Jainism in the present time cycle. Jainism teaches that there are 24 Tirthankaras; Rishabh Dev is the first, who introduced the ethical and ascetic principles that form the foundation of Jain doctrine. Although Mahavir (option A) is historically important and regarded as the last (24th) Tirthankara who reformed and spread Jain teachings, the initial founder is Rishabh Dev, not Mahavir. Ajithnath and Sambhavnath are the second and third Tirthankaras, respectively

Ans) C) Rishabh Dev