1)   The extent to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called:

A) Reliability

B) Validity

C) Objectivity

D) Suitability

Validity indicates whether an instrument actually measures the intended construct (content, criterion, construct validity, etc.).

Reliability is about consistency of scores across time, forms, or raters; a test can be reliable yet invalid.

Objectivity concerns freedom from examiner bias (clear scoring keys, standardized procedures).

Suitability refers to appropriateness for a context, not measurement accuracy of the construct.

Ans)  B) Validity


2)   Match the following:

List I                                                   List II

a. Genetic Epistemology                    Vygotsky

b. Pedagogy of the oppressed           Ericson

c. Identity and life cycle                    Piaget

d. Mind in society                               Paulo Freire


A) a-2, b-4, c-3, d-1

B) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4

C) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1

D) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-4

Genetic Epistemology → Piaget (3): Piaget’s program studying the origins of knowledge.

Pedagogy of the Oppressed → Paulo Freire (4): Landmark critical pedagogy text.

Identity and the Life Cycle → Erikson (2): Essays outlining psychosocial identity development.

Mind in Society → Vygotsky (1): Collected writings elaborating sociocultural theory (e.g., ZPD).

Ans)  C) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1