1)   As per Malayalam calendar (Kollavarsham) the Gregorian calendar year 2024 is:

A) 1898–1899 

B) 1109–1110 

C) 1199–200 

D) 2012–2013

The Malayalam Era (Kollavarsham/ME) begins in AD 825.

Each ME year starts around Chingam 1 (mid-August).

ME 1199 runs from about Aug 2023 to Aug 2024, and ME 1200 runs from Aug 2024 to Aug 2025.

The Gregorian year 2024 spans both ME 1199 (Jan–mid-Aug 2024) and ME 1200 (mid-Aug–Dec 2024).

Ans)  C) 1199–2000 (intended as 1199–1200)


2)   Identify the correct statements with reference to ‘International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples’.

It is observed on August 9th each year.

Theme focus on issues like land rights, cultural heritage, education, health, and social inclusion. The theme of 2023 is: Indigenous Youth as Agents of Change for Self-determination

Established by the United Nations Development Programme in 1994 through the Resolution 49/214.

A) 1, 2 & 3 

B) 1 & 3 only 

C) 2 & 3 only 

D) 1 & 2 only

Statement 1 — True. The Day is observed every year on 9 August, marking the 1982 first meeting of the UN Working Group on Indigenous Populations.

Statement 2 — True. Annual themes highlight issues such as land rights, culture, education, health and inclusion; 2023’s theme was indeed “Indigenous Youth as Agents of Change for Self-determination.”

Statement 3 — False. It was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly, not UNDP, via Resolution 49/214 (1994). 

Ans)  D) 1 & 2 only