1)   The newly developed vaccines which are beneficial to humans have been opposed by individuals due to moral and ethical reasons is an instance of cultural:

A) Inertia

B) Lag

C) Preservation

D) Diffusion

This situation exemplifies cultural lag, which describes the delay between technological advancements and society’s acceptance or adaptation of the related cultural norms and values. Newly created vaccines may be scientifically effective and potentially beneficial, but cultural beliefs, traditions, or ethical perspectives may cause resistance, resulting in a lag in widespread acceptance. The term was coined by sociologist William F. Ogburn, and is commonly used to explain why some technological innovations face initial opposition before they become integrated into society.​

Inertia: Refers to resistance to change but is not specific to delayed adaptation due to new technologies.

Preservation: Involves maintaining existing cultural traits, not resisting adaptation to new ones.

Diffusion: Describes the spread of innovations, not the resistance or delay.

Ans)  B) Lag


2)  Which among the following is not a Life Skill?

A) Empathy

B) Effective Communication

C) Decision Making

D) Intelligence

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines core life skills as adaptive and positive behaviors enabling individuals to deal effectively with the demands and challenges of everyday life. The ten core life skills include self-awareness, empathy, critical thinking, creative thinking, decision making, problem solving, effective communication, interpersonal relationships, coping with stress, and coping with emotions. Intelligence, while important and related to cognitive abilities, is not listed as a life skill by major organizations like WHO, UNICEF, or UNESCO. Life skills focus on practical and social skills for daily functioning, not on innate cognitive capacity.

Ans)  D) Intelligence