1)   The first Environmental Movement in India:

A) Chipko Movement led by Sunderlal Bahuguna

B) Narmada Bachao Andolan led by Medha Patkar

C) Appiko Movement led by Panduranga Hegde

D) Bishnoi Movement led by Amrita Devi

The Bishnoi Movement is recognized as the first organized environmental movement in India, originating in the early 18th century (1730) in Rajasthan. During this movement, Amrita Devi Bishnoi and over 350 other Bishnois sacrificed their lives to protect Khejri trees from being cut down by the Maharaja of Jodhpur's men. The Bishnoi community’s act of protest set a precedent for later environmental movements in India, emphasizing non-violence and conservation principles that have inspired actions like the Chipko Movement.​

The other movements listed occurred much later (Chipko in the 1970s, Narmada Bachao Andolan in the 1980s, and Appiko in the 1980s). The Bishnoi Movement is not only the first but also among the most influential early examples of environmental activism in India.

Ans)  D) Bishnoi Movement led by Amrita Devi.


2)   Which of the following of the Vedangas in the ancient education system is incorrectly matched?

A) Chandas : Metrics

B) Kalpa : Phonetics

C) Vyakarana : Grammar

D) Jyotisha : Astrology

Kalpa is not related to Phonetics. Kalpa deals with rituals and ceremonial procedures prescribed in the Vedas, not with phonetics.​

Vyakarana is correctly matched with Grammar (regulates the grammatical rules of Sanskrit).​

Jyotisha is associated with Astronomy and Astrology, which is about determining auspicious times for rituals

Ans)  B) Kalpa : Phonetics.