Read the following passage and questions from questions 46 to 50:

The conceptions and treatment of poverty were quite different before 1940. In colonial times the concern with poverty was conditioned by the belief that even if the natives could be somewhat enlightened by the presence of the coloniser, not much could be done about their poverty. It was because their economic development was pointless. The natives capacity for science and technology, the basis for economic progress was seen as nil. However, within Asian, African and Latin or Native American societies, vernacular societies had developed ways of defining and treating poverty that accommodated visions of community, frugality and sufficiency. It is true that massive poverty in the modern sense appeared only when the spread of market economy broke down the communities. As a result, it deprived millions of people from access to land, water and other resources. With the consolidation of market economy, systematic issues became inevitable.

It is important to know the break that occurred in the conceptions and management of poverty first with the emergence of capitalism in Europe, and later with the advent of development in the Third world. The first break is described in terms of the advent in the nineteenth century of systems for dealing with the poor, based on assistance provided by impersonal institutions. Philanthropy occupied an important place in this transition. The transformation of the poor into the assisted had a profound consequence. The modernisation of poverty relations. invariably affected vernacular relations


1. The Vernacular societies encountered economic poverty with

(a) Science and technology

(b) External aid

(c) Modern ideas

(d) Use of resources sparingly


2.  Capitalistic development introduced the idea of

(a) Modernized poverty

(b) Impersonal institutions

(c) Third world

(d) Vernacular relations


3. The passage focuses on:

(a) The merits of market economy

(b) The need for philanthropy to reduce poverty

(c) The ill-effects of capitalism/

(d) The issue of redefining poverty in the Third World


4. Before 1940, colonisers believed that poor countries

(a) Can be changed

(b) Can be totally enlightened

(c) Cannot be changed

(d) Do not need their presence


5. The market economy was responsible for

(a) Increased access to resources

(b) Massive poverty

(c) Enlightened development

(d) Idealisation of tradition



ANSWERS

1 - d

2 - a

3 - c

4 - c

5 - b