Read the passage carefully and answer the questions 

Public action, in a broad sense, can play a central role in economic development and in bringing social opportunities within the reach of people as a whole. Sometimes public action is characterised in the economic literature as action by the government, not as action by the public itself. This interpretation can be seriously misleading as it draws attention away from the influence that the public can have in determining the direction of governmental action. Actions of the public can be of profound significance to the successes and failures of economic and social change in general and to development efforts in particular. The role of public activism in influencing government policy can be particularly important in promoting the positive functions of the government. These positive functions include the provisions of public services such as health care, child immunisation, primary education, social security, environmental protection and rural infrastructure. The vigilance and involvement of the public can be quite crucial not only in ensuring an adequate expansion of these essential services but also in monitoring their functioning. Indeed the actual reach and effective quality of the services that are meant to be, in principle available often depends a great deal on the information that the local community gathers and the extent to which it can get its voice heard. The shirking and absenteeism of village teachers for example are much more easily observed by the villagers themselves than by the government inspectors and the search for redress can be more effectively achieved with local activism. Besides, schools, hospitals and other facilities can be made more sensitive to the public needs if there is a local pressure in that direction, better than the directions from the above.


1.The effective quality of services depends upon making:

(a) Stricter rules for implementation

(b) Local community involved

(c) Redressal of grievances

(d) Strong government vigilance


2. What can bring the social opportunities within the reach of the people?

(a) The government directives

(b) Economic literature

(c) Actions of the public

(d) Success of social change


3. What does the passage advocate to make services sensitive to public needs?

(a) Pressure by beneficiaries

(b) Information gathering

(c) Government monitoring

(d) Checking absenteeism among public employees


4. Positive functions of the government can be supported by

(a) Public influence on policy-decisions

(b) Focusing on education and social security

(c) Centralised power structure

(d) Top-down one way general instructions


5. Adequate monitoring of public services is possible through

(a) Expansion of essential services

(b) Improvement in quality of services

(c) Increasing social inclusivity

(d) Effective public activism




ANSWERS

1 - b

2 - c

3 - a

4 - a

5 - d